See makulo on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":bor<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Cherpillod, André (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2003), “makulo”, in <cite>Konciza Etimologia Vortaro</cite> [<cite>Concise Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Esperanto), Universala Esperanto-Asocio, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 290</span></span>>",
"3": "la:macula<t:spot>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *smeH-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlóm\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥Htlóm\nProto-Italic *smaklomder.\nLatin maculabor.\nEsperanto makulo\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"spot\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"spot\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sm̥Htlóm\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*smeH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-tlóm\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tlom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*smaklom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"macula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"makulo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"makulo\">\nBorrowed from Latin macula (“spot”).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *smeH-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlóm\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥Htlóm\nProto-Italic *smaklomder.\nLatin maculabor.\nEsperanto makulo\nBorrowed from Latin macula (“spot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makulon",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makuloj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulojn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makulo (accusative singular makulon, plural makuloj, accusative plural makulojn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ku‧lo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧ku‧lo"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "74 2 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 1 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "batmakulo"
},
{
"english": "birthmark",
"translation": "birthmark",
"word": "haŭtmakulo"
},
{
"word": "makuleto"
},
{
"word": "makuli"
},
{
"word": "makulita"
},
{
"word": "senmakula"
},
{
"english": "sunspot",
"translation": "sunspot",
"word": "sunmakulo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spot (usually), sometimes blot or stain"
],
"id": "en-makulo-eo-noun-nK7b2jlA",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"blot",
"blot"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈkulo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulo"
}
],
"word": "makulo"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "spot",
"translation": "spot",
"word": "makuleto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to stain, blotch, blot",
"translation": "to stain, blotch, blot",
"word": "makulizar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "makulo",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "Esperanto makulo",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "en",
"3": "macula",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "English macula",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "fr",
"3": "macule",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "French macule",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "de",
"3": "Makel",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "German Makel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "macula",
"2": "macule",
"3": "Makel",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"eo": "makulo"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Esperanto makulo, English macula, French macule, German Makel.",
"name": "io-bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Esperanto makulo, English macula, French macule, German Makel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makuli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "makulo",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "makul"
},
"expansion": "makulo (plural makuli)",
"name": "io-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spot (usually), sometimes blot or stain"
],
"id": "en-makulo-io-noun-nK7b2jlA",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"blot",
"blot"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "io",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "io:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"macula"
],
"id": "en-makulo-io-noun-2UTdTWo8",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"macula",
"macula"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) macula"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈkulo/"
}
],
"word": "makulo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "batmakulo"
},
{
"english": "birthmark",
"translation": "birthmark",
"word": "haŭtmakulo"
},
{
"word": "makuleto"
},
{
"word": "makuli"
},
{
"word": "makulita"
},
{
"word": "senmakula"
},
{
"english": "sunspot",
"translation": "sunspot",
"word": "sunmakulo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":bor<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Cherpillod, André (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2003), “makulo”, in <cite>Konciza Etimologia Vortaro</cite> [<cite>Concise Etymological Dictionary</cite>] (in Esperanto), Universala Esperanto-Asocio, <small>→ISBN</small>, page 290</span></span>>",
"3": "la:macula<t:spot>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *smeH-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlóm\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥Htlóm\nProto-Italic *smaklomder.\nLatin maculabor.\nEsperanto makulo\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"spot\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"spot\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*sm̥Htlóm\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*smeH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-tlóm\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tlom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*smaklom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"macula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"makulo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"makulo\">\nBorrowed from Latin macula (“spot”).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *smeH-\nProto-Indo-European *-tḗr\nProto-Indo-European *-trom\nProto-Indo-European *-tlóm\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥Htlóm\nProto-Italic *smaklomder.\nLatin maculabor.\nEsperanto makulo\nBorrowed from Latin macula (“spot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makulon",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makuloj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulojn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "makulo (accusative singular makulon, plural makuloj, accusative plural makulojn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ku‧lo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ma‧ku‧lo"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto 3-syllable words",
"Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"Esperanto entries with etymon",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto nouns",
"Esperanto terms borrowed from Latin",
"Esperanto terms derived from Latin",
"Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Esperanto terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Esperanto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *smeH-",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ulo",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ulo/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"spot (usually), sometimes blot or stain"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"blot",
"blot"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈkulo/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulo"
}
],
"word": "makulo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido nouns",
"Ido terms borrowed from English",
"Ido terms borrowed from Esperanto",
"Ido terms borrowed from French",
"Ido terms borrowed from German",
"Ido terms derived from English",
"Ido terms derived from Esperanto",
"Ido terms derived from French",
"Ido terms derived from German",
"Ido terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "spot",
"translation": "spot",
"word": "makuleto"
},
{
"english": "to stain, blotch, blot",
"translation": "to stain, blotch, blot",
"word": "makulizar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "eo",
"3": "makulo",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "Esperanto makulo",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "en",
"3": "macula",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "English macula",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "fr",
"3": "macule",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "French macule",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "de",
"3": "Makel",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "German Makel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "macula",
"2": "macule",
"3": "Makel",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"eo": "makulo"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Esperanto makulo, English macula, French macule, German Makel.",
"name": "io-bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Esperanto makulo, English macula, French macule, German Makel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makuli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "makulo",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "makul"
},
"expansion": "makulo (plural makuli)",
"name": "io-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spot (usually), sometimes blot or stain"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"blot",
"blot"
],
[
"stain",
"stain"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"io:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"macula"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"macula",
"macula"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) macula"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/maˈkulo/"
}
],
"word": "makulo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for makulo meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.